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特非那定与伊曲康唑合用,前者的代谢及清除率均降低,导致其血浓度升高,引起心脏毒性。
相关药物:人肝微粒体体外试验表明,酮康唑抑制阿司咪唑的代谢[4],亦有报道称,阿司咪唑过量可能引起尖端扭转型室性心律失常[6~9]。
根据推测的相互作用机制预测,酮康唑也可能导致氯雷他定血浓度升高。有研究表明,氯雷他定过量对包括Q-T间期在内的心脏电生理参数的影响无统计学意义[10]。另有研究提示,氯雷他定主要活性代谢物最大浓度及曲线下面积均增加,但对Q-T间期的影响也无统计学意义[11]。
有报道,1名62岁老年男性患者同时接受伊曲康唑与特非那定治疗,Q-T间期延长,特非那定极其酸性代谢物的血浓度显著升高。此后,患者单独使用伊曲康唑,并未发生心律失常[12]。
另有研究提示,同时使用特非那定(60mg/次,2次/日,1~15日)与氟康唑(200mg /日,9~15日),特非那定血浓度无改变,其酸性代谢物浓度增加36±36%(正常范围:7~102%),在研究期间也未见Q-T间期发生变化[13]。
根据推测的相互作用机制及化学结构的相似性预测,其他咪唑类抗真菌药(如益康唑、咪康唑、噻康唑等)与哌啶类H1受体拮抗剂也可能发生类似相互作用,但缺乏文献报道。
机制:特非那定代谢包括,经氧化作用代谢为有活性的羧酸代谢物,这一代谢物的抗组胺活性为母体化合物的30%;此外经氧化脱烃作用代谢为无活性代谢物[14]。酮康唑可能通过抑制细胞色素P-450酶系统,而抑制药物代谢[15,16]。特非那定广泛的经肝脏代谢,据推测其代谢途径为细胞色素P-450酶氧化代谢[17]。特非那定及其酸性代谢物浓度升高,导致病人出现心律失常[2,3]。同样的心脏毒性也发生与急性特非那定或阿司咪唑过量[6~9],但氯雷他定过量则不发生此现象[10]。
建议:禁止特非那定与酮康唑[18,19]或伊曲康唑[18,20]合用。同样,阿司咪唑与酮康唑[19,21]或伊曲康唑[20,21]合用也应当禁止。接受酮康唑或伊曲康唑治疗的病人,应选择氯雷他定代替其他H1抗组胺药。当其他抗真菌药与特非那定或阿司咪唑合用时,应密切监测后者所致的心脏毒性。
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13、Diflucan (fluconazole) Product Information, Pfizer, Inc., November, 1994.
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18、Seldane (terfenadine) Product Information, Marion Merrell Dow, Inc. May, 1993.
19、Nizoral (ketoconazole) Product Information, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc., January, 1994.
20、Sporanox (Itraconazole) Product Information, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc., March 1994.
21、Hismanal (astemizole) Product Information, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc., July 1993. |
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