双语药学：哪些维生素对干眼有好处？

Which Vitamins are Good for Dry Eyes?
哪些维生素对干眼有好处？

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that occurs when the eyes do not make enough tears, or if the tears vanish too quickly. There are many treatments for dry eyes. Can vitamins help prevent or treat dry eyes? We find out.
干眼综合征是当眼睛没有产生足够的眼泪或眼泪消失得太快时发生的常见病症。有许多治疗干眼的方法。但维生素能帮助预防或治疗干眼吗？我们找到了答案。
If an individual has a healthy balanced diet, they should be able to get all the vitamins and minerals they need from their diet. However, some people may need to take a supplement if advised by their doctor.
如果一个人有健康均衡的饮食，他们应该能够从他们的饮食中获得所需的所有维生素和矿物质。然而，如果医生建议，有些人仍需服用（维生素）补充剂。。
Contents of this article:
1.Eye health and vitamins
2.What vitamins are good for dry eye syndrome?
3.Treatments for dry eye syndrome
本文内容：
1.眼睛健康和维生素
2.什么维生素对干眼综合征有好处？
3.干眼综合征的治疗
Eye health and vitamins
眼睛健康和维生素


There are very limited studies on vitamin supplements that may help to treat dry eyes. However, some vitamins are recommended over others.
有关维生素补充剂可能有助于治疗干眼症的研究非常有限。 然而，有些维生素也被推荐给其他人。
Links between vitamins and minerals and eye health are emerging, but there are currently no clear answers, and more research is needed.
维生素和矿物质与眼睛健康之间的联系正慢慢清晰，但目前没有明确的答案，还需要更多的研究。
Some research has found that supplements might be beneficial in seniors with poor dietary intake of vitamins due to digestion difficulties.
一些研究发现，补充剂可能对因消化不良而维生素膳食摄入不良的老年人有益。
In these cases, dietary antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E, and the mineral zinc may help prevent conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from developing. AMD is a condition where vision is lost in the macular, which is the part of the eye that controls central vision.
在这些情况下，膳食抗氧化维生素A，C和E以及矿物锌可以有助于防止诸如年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）等病症的进展。 AMD是一种在黄斑中失去视力的病症，黄斑是眼睛控制中心视力的区域。
Some studies also show that taking certain vitamins and minerals, including thiamine (vitamin B1), could protect an individual from developing cataracts, cloudy areas that form in the lens of the eye.
一些研究还表明，服用某些维生素和矿物质，包括硫胺素（维生素B1），可以保护个人避免得白内障。白内障是指在眼睛晶状体中形成浑浊区域。
Vitamins obtained through foods are thought to be safe and positive to health. However, there are circumstances where vitamins can have a negative effect.
通过食物获得的维生素被认为是安全的并且对健康是积极的。 然而，特殊情况下维生素也会产生副作用。
What vitamins are good for dry eye syndrome?
什么维生素对干眼综合征有好处？
There is limited evidence that vitamin supplementation helps treat dry eyes and insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of commercially available supplements in dry eye syndrome. People should be skeptical about any vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplements that claim to treat dry eye syndrome.
表明维生素补充剂有助于治疗干眼症的证据仍然有限，建议常规使用市售（维生素）补充剂治疗干眼综合征的证据仍旧不足。人们应该对声称治疗干眼综合征的任何维生素，矿物质和草药补充剂持怀疑态度。
The following vitamins might make a difference to dry eyes, but research is ongoing. People should consult a doctor before attempting to use supplements for the treatment of dry eyes.
以下维生素可能会对干眼症产生作用，但目前仍处研究阶段。人们在尝试使用（维生素）补充剂治疗干眼症前应该先咨询医生。
Vitamin A
维生素A
Vitamin A deficiency is linked to dry eye. Vitamin A deficiency is usually caused by food deprivation and happens mainly in poor communities. In some areas of the world, up to 50 percent of preschool children are deficient in vitamin A.
维生素A缺乏与干眼有关。 维生素A缺乏通常是由食物匮乏引起的，主要发生在贫困社区。 在世界的一些地区，高达50％的学龄前儿童缺乏维生素A.
People can also be deficient in vitamin A if they have a condition that prevents the bowel from absorbing nutrients from foods, such as a disease that affects the digestive system.
如果人们具有阻止肠吸收食物中营养素的情况，例如影响消化系统的疾病，人们也可能缺乏维生素A.
Vitamin A eye drops have been shown just as useful for the treatment of dry eyes as prescription eye drops.
现已证实维生素A滴眼剂治疗干眼症像处方滴眼剂一样有用。
However, Vitamin A can sometimes have an adverse effect a person's health. Supplementation with this vitamin should first be discussed with a doctor, and the risks and benefits discussed.
然而，维生素A有时会对人的健康产生副作用。补充这种维生素应先与医生讨论它的风险和获益。
Vitamin A could potentially speed up vision loss and retinal degeneration in people with recessive Stargardt's disease, cone-rod dystrophy, and other retinal conditions caused by certain genetic variations.
维生素A可能加速在隐性斯塔加特病，锥体杆体营养不良、以及其它某些遗产变异导致的视网膜病变患者加速视觉丧失和视网膜变性。
Excessive vitamin A intake is also known to trigger stomach and nerve side effects, such as stomach and head pain, nausea, and irritability. These symptoms could be made worse by heavy use of vitamin A and lead to the development of blurred vision.
过量的维生素A摄入也已知会引起胃和神经的副作用，例如胃痛和头痛，恶心和易怒。 这些症状可能由于大量使用维生素A而恶化，并导致视力模糊的进展。
Vitamin D
维生素D
Early research has shown that vitamin D may be associated with dry eyes. Dry eye and impaired tear function are sometimes seen in people with vitamin D deficiency.
早期的研究表明，维生素D可能与干眼有关。在缺乏维生素D的人中有时可以看到干眼和泪液功能损伤。
Vitamin D might play a protective role in the development of dry eyes by improving factors that are linked to the protective coating of tears that cover the front of our eyes. It may also help reduce inflammation of the eye surface.
维生素D可通过改善与覆盖眼睛前部的眼泪保护层相关的因子在干眼症进展中起到保护作用。 它还可以帮助减少眼睛表面的炎症。
The research suggests that vitamin D supplements may help with dry eye symptoms, such as eye discomfort and fatigue, redness, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Further research is needed to prove this, however.
研究表明，维生素D补充剂有助于改善干眼症的症状，如眼睛不适、疲劳、发红、视力模糊和对光的敏感性。 然而，还需进一步的研究来证明这一点。
Complications of taking too many vitamin D supplements are rare but can be potentially serious. Too many vitamin D supplements can cause a buildup of calcium in the blood. This can cause poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, it may lead to frequent urination, kidney problems, and weakness.
服用太多维生素D补充剂的并发症较罕见，但可能比较严重。 太多的维生素D补充剂可导致血液中钙蓄积。 这可能导致食欲不振，恶心和呕吐。 在某些情况下，它可能导致尿频，肾脏问题和虚弱。
Omega-3
ωme脂肪酸
Guidelines by the American Academy of Ophthalmology say that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the treatment of dry eye. However, there is not enough evidence to confirm the effectiveness of any particular formulation of omega-3 fatty acid supplements.
美国眼科学会的指南指出，ω-3脂肪酸可能有益于干眼症的治疗。 然而，没有足够的证据支持任何特定配方的omega-3脂肪酸补充剂的有效性。
The National Eye Institute (NEI) suggest that supplements of omega-3 or dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids may decrease symptoms of irritation in people with dry eye.
国家眼科学会（NEI）建议ω-3脂肪酸补充剂或膳食来源的ω-3脂肪酸可以减少干眼症患者的刺激症状。
The omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA, in particular, may help. These types of omega-3 are found in:
特别是ω-3脂肪酸中的DHA和EPA可能有帮助。这些类型的ω-3脂肪酸中发现于：
Anchovies
     凤尾鱼
Herring
        鲱鱼
Mackerel
        鲭鱼
Salmon
       鲑鱼
Sardines
        沙丁鱼
Tuna
        金枪鱼

One study suggests that there is a link between taking omega-3 fatty acids and an increased risk of prostate cancer.
一项研究表明，服用ω-3脂肪酸和增加前列腺癌的风险有关。The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) state that the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are safe as long as individuals do not take in more than 3 grams per day from food and supplements.
美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）指出，只要个体每天从食物和补充剂中摄取的ω-3脂肪酸EPA和DHA不超过3克 就是安全的。
For people who already have bleeding disorders, taking too much omega-3 may lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Omega-3 may affect blood levels, which may have consequences for people with diabetes or hypoglycemia, and may also cause low blood pressure.
对于已经患有出血性疾病的人，服用太多的ω-3脂肪酸可能导致出血风险增加。 ω-3脂肪酸可能对糖尿病或低血糖患者的血糖造成影响，也可能导致低血压。
It is important to get advice from a doctor before taking omega-3 supplements for dry eye syndrome.
在服用ω-3脂肪酸补充剂治疗干眼综合征之前，得到医生的建议很重要。
Treatments for dry eye syndrome
干眼综合征的治疗

Over-the-counter eye drops or prescribed medications are recommended to treat dry eye syndrome.
建议使用非处方眼药水或处方药治疗干眼综合征。
In most cases of dry eye, over-the-counter eye drops will help treat symptoms. These drops may only need to be used once or several times a day.
在大多数干眼症的情况下，非处方滴眼剂将有助于症状的治疗。 这些滴眼剂可能只需要每天使用一次或几次。
Medications that are prescribed by a doctor for dry eyes include:
医生为干眼症开出的药物包括：
Drugs to reduce inflammation or antibiotics
      减少炎症的药物或抗生素
&#61607rescription eye drops or corticosteroids
       处方滴眼液或糖皮质激素
Dissolving eye inserts to lubricate the eye
       可溶性眼部插入剂以润滑眼睛
Drugs to stimulate tears
       刺激眼泪的药物
Autologous blood serum drops
       自体血清滴眼液
Procedures that might be used for the treatment of dry eyes include:
可用于治疗干眼的方法包括：
&#61607artially or completely closing tear ducts
       部分或完全关闭泪管
Wearing specialist contact lenses
       佩戴专用隐形眼睛
Unblocking oil glands
       解开油腺
Light therapy and eyelid massage
       光线疗法和眼睑按摩
Other home remedies or lifestyle changes for dry eye syndrome
干眼综合征的其他家庭补救措施或生活方式改变
Some actions can be taken at home to help dry eye syndrome. These include:
一些有助干眼综合征的可以在家里实施的活动包括：
Using artificial tears, gels, gel inserts, and ointments
       使用人工泪液、凝胶、凝胶插入物和软膏
Wearing glasses or sunglasses that fit close to the face to slow the rate of evaporation from the surface of the eye
       佩戴眼镜或太阳镜，贴近脸部以减慢眼睛表面的蒸发速率
Keeping eyes protected from the wind, hot air, smoke, and dust
       保护眼睛避免受风，热空气，烟雾和灰尘的影响
Installing an air cleaner indoors to filter dust particles
       在室内安装空气净化器以过滤灰尘颗粒
Installing a humidifier to add moisture to the air indoors
       安装加湿器，为室内空气增加湿度
Avoiding dry conditions
       避免干燥条件
Allowing the eyes to rest when performing tasks that require using eyes for long periods
       在执行需要长时间使用眼睛的任务时，允许眼睛休息
Maintaining good eye hygiene with a warm, wet, and clean cloth
使用温暖、湿润、干净的布保持良好的眼部卫生
Although further study is needed, some alternative medicine approaches include:
虽然需要进一步研究，但一些替代疗法包括：
Castor oil eye drops to reduce tear evaporation
       蓖麻油眼药水减少泪液蒸发
Acupuncture
        针灸
Before using any form of alternative medicine, people with dry eyes should discuss the risks and benefits with a doctor.
在使用任何形式的替代疗法之前，干眼症患者应该与医生讨论风险和获益。
There are many available treatments for dry eye syndrome. Studies are ongoing concerning potential vitamins to treat dry eyes. However, for now, getting advice from a doctor and using conventional treatments is recommended.
有许多可用的干眼综合征治疗方法。潜在的维生素治疗干眼症正处于研究阶段。因此，到目前为止仍推荐听取医生的建议和使用常规治疗。

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