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From Pharmacy Times(www.pharmacytimes.com)
Thanks to the author Craig I. Coleman, PharmD(Dr. Coleman is an assistant professor of pharmacy practice and director of the pharmacoeconomics and outcomes studies group at the University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy.)
以下为正文(需要翻译的部分),欢迎会员认领并尽可能在48小时内翻译完毕并提交,将奖励50威望和50金钱.
COPD
AI, a 68-year-old Caucasian woman with a smoking history that included a pack per day for 20 years, is admitted to the hospital for an exacerbation of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AI complains of increased shortness of breath and sputum production.
Upon review of AI's chart, it is found that this is her 4th exacerbation in the past 3 years. AI is currently receiving ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (Combivent), 2 puffs every 4 hours as needed, and salmeterol 50 ?g inhalation twice daily. Spirometry was completed a few weeks prior and shows that AI has a forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio of <70 and a FEV1 of 42% of predicted. After 3 days of intravenous antibiotic therapy, AI is discharged with prescriptions for cefpodoxmine proxetil (Vantin) 200 mg twice daily, azithromycin (Zithromax) 250 mg once a day, and 40 mg of prednisone once a day, each for 7 days.
In what stage of COPD would AI be classified, and what changes (if any) should be made to her COPD medications?
ANSWER
According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease COPD guidelines (www.goldcopd.com/download.asp?intId=445) an FEV1/FVC ratio <70% is diagnostic of having COPD. Staging of the disease is done according to percent of predicted FEV1. The patient has an FEV1 >30% but <50% of predicted, which corresponds to stage 3 (severe) COPD. The fact that AI has severe disease and frequently experiences exacerbations suggests that she should have an inhaled corticosteroid added to her current regimen. This treatment has been shown to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and thus improve health status but does not modify the long-term decline in FEV1. The pharmacist should recommend a prescription for an inhaled corticosteroid be written for the patient as well. A combination product, such as fluticasone/salmeterol 250/50 ?g (Advair) twice daily, would be a reasonable recommendation.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病
AI (注:后简称患者), 女性,68岁,高加索人种,因慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重入院,诉气短及痰量增加。吸烟史20年,一包/天。查看患者病历记录表,发现过去3年内发作了4次。目前用药:异丙托溴铵和硫酸沙丁胺醇(可必特),适情况需要,每4小时2喷 , 沙美特罗50 ug , 吸入,2次/日。几周前呼吸功能测定显示:患者第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC) 比值小于70, 第一秒用力呼气容积占预期值的42%。抗生素治疗3天后,予出院,出院带药:头孢泊肟酯(Vantin),200 mg, 2次/日,阿奇霉素(希舒美)250 mg, 1次/日,泼尼松40 mg ,1次/日,每种药均为7天药量。
患者处于COPD 分类的哪个阶段,(如果可能),她治疗COPD的药需要什么改变?
答案
根据GOLD (全球慢阻肺倡议指南),FEV1/FVC <70% 即可诊断COPD。根据FEV1%预计值进行疾病分级。患者 FEV1 >30% ,但 <50% 预计值, 符合COPD 3级(重度)。鉴于患者病情严重、发作多次,建议她在目前用药的基础上加吸入皮质激素治疗。这样可以降低发作频次、提高健康状态,但不会改变FEV1的长期降低。药师同样应向患者推荐写有吸入皮质激素的处方。某种复方制剂,如氟替卡松/沙美特罗250/50 ug (舒利迭),2次/日,应为一合理选择。 |
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