医药学论文英文摘要撰写的要点

医药学论文英文摘要撰写的要点
摘自《中国药房》2010年2月第21卷第5期
摘要，亦称文摘（Abstract或Summary），一般置于论文、科研报告或文献综述的正文之前，是对论文主要内容的概括和总结，目前，国内、外几乎所有的医药学期刊发表医药学论文均附有摘要。好的英文摘要对于增加论文的被检索和引用机会、吸引读者、扩大影响起着不可忽视的作用。笔者现总结长期英文编辑实践经验，就医药学论文英文摘要撰写的要点谈谈自己的体会。
1、摘要的结构
    根据格式，医药学论文摘要分为非结构式摘要和结构式摘要。根据《国际生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求》格式（温哥华格式）的规定，采用OMRAC或AMRAC格式，即四要素式或四层次结构式摘要，其内容包括：目的、方法、结果和结论。自1991年以来，我国生物医学期刊逐步采用结构式摘要，其中的绝大部分都采用这种四段式的摘要模式。
2、摘要的时态
    医药学论文摘要时态遵循科技论文摘要的时态规则。只要是过去时和一般现在时。描述方法和结果的时候应当使用一般过去时。在结论当中，如果是被广泛认可，已经成为“真理”的可以使用一般现在时，如果作者认为自己的分析和结论只限于本研究范围或者仅仅是一种可能性，则用一般过去时为好。对时态的选择应根据表达的需要灵活运用。
3、摘要的语态
    笔者抽样统计分析了2001～2003年近3年的中外期刊100篇学术论文英文摘要的时态、语态差别及其原因，发现目前我国期刊用被动语态仍占主导（58.36%）主动语态相对较少（41.64%），而国外期刊目前用主动语态占主导（61.47%）。被动语态较少（38.53%）。由此可见，在语态方面，国内、外期刊英文摘要相差较大。目前，国内医药学期刊中的摘要中仍多使用第三人称、被动语态，其优点被认为是可以省略施动者，把重要的部分放在主语的位置上显示出来，表达的内容显得更加客观。笔者认为，采用何种语态，要根据所投杂志的要求和习惯确定。
4、摘要常用的句型
4.1目的部分常用的句型
4.1.1单表目的
To evaluate/determine/study/analyze/confirm/optimize/detect
例如：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high dose Levo-fioxcin injection for lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients.
4.1.2背景加目的
例如：The role of omeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacter pylori resistance on treatment outcome are not establish.
又如：This study investigated the role of omeprazole and influence of primary H.pylori resistance and eradication and development of secondary resistance.
4.2方法部分常用的句型
4.2.1时间的表达
During/over the past 10 years
During/over/in a ten year period
During the period 1988～1992
In the I988～1992 period
…for a period of 6to 25 years
Between…to…
From…to…
例如：The records of all patients during the period 1969～1978 with an operative diagnosis of gastric carcinoma for benign disease were reviewed.
4.2.2研究对象的选择、分组及标准
（1）纳入研究
…were entered into/enrolled in/selected(randomly)…
…selection was based on…
…were selected based on…
…were selected randomly from…
…the major criteria for inclusion in the study were…
…were considered ineligible for…
…inclusion/entry criteria consisted of/were（入选的标准是）…
例如：A total of 139 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received Letrozde 2.5mg q.d for at least two months, while another 86 received placebo.
（2）排除或退出研究
…were excluded from participation…
…withdrew from the study due to/because to…
…were excluded from the study…
例如：Patients with significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded.
（3）研究对象的分组
…were divided into/classified/grouped/stratified/allocated/assigned into/to（被分成）…
…were divided randomly/randomized into…
…were divided equally into…
例如：Twelve Chinese mini-swine weighing 15～20 kg, including 4 females and 8 males, were divided into 2 groups, 6 in each group.
4.2.3材料来源
…was provided by…
…was purchased from…
…was obtained from…
例如：New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.2～2.7 kg each were purchased from SLC Inc.( Hanamatsu, Japan)
4.2.4借鉴他人实验方法
…was isolated by the procedure of…
…was prepared according to the methods described by…
…was carried out as previously described…
…was separated by the technique method of…
…was done with a modified method of…
…was determined/measured by/with...
例如：MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method outlined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.
4.2.5年龄与姓名
（1）某一年龄：如一个15岁患者：
…a 15-year-old patient/a patient aged 15 (years)/a patient at 15years of age/a patient at a age of 15 years (old)…
（2）在某年龄范围内及平均年龄：
Patients range in age from…to…
…with a mean of (50 years)…
（3）在某一年龄以上或以下：
Patients more/older than 50 years…
Patients under/before/below/after/less than 50 years…
（4）性别：
…twelve patients (7 male and 5 female)…
The male-to-female ratio was 1:4
…with female-male ratio of 2:1
4.2.6诊断与治疗
（1）诊断
…be diagnosed as having…
…be diagnosed as…by…/with…be suspected as…
…was diagnosed as/by/with/according to/on the basis of…
…was misdiagnosed as/was mistaken as (for)…
…was suspected as/of having…/ to be…
（2）治疗
…be treated with…(alone or in combination with…)…
…be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis…
例如：The patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy alone, while the trial group were treated with conventional therapy in combination with radiotherapy.
4.3结果部分的常用句型
4.3.1结果表明
The results showed/suggested/indicated/revealed/documented/demonstrated that…
…we found that…
…was/were found to/that…
例如：The results showed that high thigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percent sensitive, 56 percent specific and 63 percent accurate.
4.3.2与…有关
…was correlated/associated/related to/with…
There was a relationship/correlation/association between A and B
例如：The analysis showed that this disease was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index.
4.3.3增加或减少的表述
…increase/rise/elevate/raise/decrease/reduce/fall/drop/decline/lower by（增加或减少了）or to（增加到或减少到）…
    例如：Activity of normal myocardium declined further by 63% from 30 to 240 min of reperfusion, while activity in the transiently ischemic myocardium decreased by 15.5%.
    …increase/rise/elevate/raise/decrease/reduce/fail/drop/decline/lower from…to…（从…增加到…）
    又如：In one women, serum prolactin level fell from base-1ine of 2.7 ng•mL-1 to 440 ng•mL-1.
4.3.4倍数比较的表示
    …increase by 3 fold (times)…
…a 3-fold increase…
A是B的3倍：
A is 3 fold (times) as…as B
A is 3 fold (times) B
例如：After treatment, plasma levels of LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced from 197•dL-1, and levels of HDL subclass protein were significantly increased from…to…
4.3.5比较与对比
    …was equal to（等于）…
…of A was similar/analogous to that/those of B（A…与B…相似）
…was compared to/with（与…比较）…
…was consistent/comparable with…
…in contrast/on the contrary/whereas（对照/相反/而）…
4.3.6统计学上的区别
There was/is significant difference in…between A and B
The difference in…between A and B was/is significant
A was/is significantly different from B in…
No significant difference was found/observed/noted in total effective rate between Group A and Group B.
4.4结论部分常用句型
4.4.1结果提示
These results suggest that…
These results are suggestive of…
例如：These results suggest that by combining mesenchymal stem cells（间充质干细胞）with an appropriate delivery vehicle, it may be possible to offer patients new therapeutic option.
4.4.2结果支持或反对某种观点
These results support the idea that…
These results fail to support the idea that…
These results do not support the idea that…
例如：these results do not support the idea that treatment to lower cholesterol concentration cause mood disturbance.
4.4.3表示观点的确定和不确定性
There is no evidence that…
It is likely/unlikely that…
例如：there is no evidence that NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) produced any change in bone metabolism or mass.
4.4.4具有…意义
…be of great (some/little/no) clinical significance in…to…
…be of great/little/no/limited use/application/value in…/to…
例如：The detection of p53 gene is of great clinical significance in tumor diagnosis.
4.4.5分析（可能的）原因
…may be caused/explained by…
…may lead to/result in/account for/be the cause/result of…
…be due to…
…give rise to…
例如：These finding suggest that the initial corneal response to orthokeratology（矫正角膜学）may be explained by redistribution of corneal tissue.
4.4.6前瞻性说明
…remain to be further studied…
…it is remains to be proved that…
例如：However, the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains to be further studied.
5、结语
以上介绍医药学论文英文摘要的结构、时态、语态并总结了摘要各部分常用的句型，希望对医药学工作者的英文摘要撰写有一定的指导作用。当然，要写好英文摘要，还需要多读原版的英文杂志，在实践中不断积累提高。

好东西，收藏了，谢谢分享！