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U.S. to Force Drug Firms to Report Money Paid to Doctors
By ROBERT PEAR
Published: January 16, 2012
¶ WASHINGTON — To head off medical conflicts of interest, the Obama administration is poised to require drug companies to disclose the payments they make to doctors for research, consulting, speaking, travel and entertainment.
¶ Many researchers have found evidence that such payments can influence doctors’ treatment decisions and contribute to higher costs by encouraging the use of more expensive drugs and medical devices.
¶ Consumer advocates and members of Congress say patients may benefit from the new standards, being issued by the government under the new health care law. Officials said the disclosures increased the likelihood that doctors would make decisions in the best interests of patients, without regard to the doctors’ financial interests.
¶ Large numbers of doctors receive payments from drug and device companies every year — sometimes into the hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars — in exchange for providing advice and giving lectures. Analyses by The New York Times and others have found that about a quarter of doctors take cash payments from drug or device makers and that nearly two-thirds accept routine gifts of food, including lunch for staff members and dinner for themselves.
¶ The Times has found that doctors who take money from drug makers often practice medicine differently from those who do not and that they are more willing to prescribe drugs in risky and unapproved ways, such as prescribing powerful antipsychotic medicines for children.
¶ Under the new standards, if a company has just one product covered by Medicare or Medicaid, it will have to disclose all its payments to doctors other than its own employees. The federal government will post the payment data on a Web site where it will be available to the public.
¶ Manufacturers of prescription drugs and devices will have to report if they pay a doctor to help develop, assess and promote new products — or if, for example, a pharmaceutical sales agent delivers $25 worth of bagels and coffee to a doctor’s office for a meeting. Royalty payments to doctors, for inventions or discoveries, and payments to teaching hospitals for research or other activities will also have to be reported.
¶ The Obama administration estimates that more than 1,100 drug, device and medical supply companies will have to file reports, generating “large amounts of new data.” Federal officials said they would inspect and audit drug company records to make sure the reports were accurate and complete.
¶ Companies will be subject to a penalty up to $10,000 for each payment they fail to report. A company that knowingly fails to report payments will be subject to a penalty up to $100,000 for each violation, up to a total of $1 million a year.
¶ Top executives are potentially liable because a senior official of each company — the chief executive, chief financial officer or chief compliance officer — must attest to the accuracy of each report.
¶ The new requirements, or something very similar, will take effect soon; in fact, they are overdue. Under the new health care law, the administration was supposed to establish payment-reporting procedures by Oct. 1, 2011. The public will have until Feb. 17 to comment on the proposals, which are broadly consistent with the expectations of industry and consumer groups. After considering the comments, Medicare officials will issue final rules with the force of law.
¶ Consumer advocates have long demanded details of the financial ties between doctors and drug and device companies.
¶ Allan J. Coukell, a pharmacist and consumer advocate at the Pew Charitable Trusts, said: “Patients want to know they are getting treatment based on medical evidence, not a lunch or a financial relationship. They want to know if their doctor has a financial relationship with a pharmaceutical company, but they are often uncomfortable asking the doctor directly.”
¶ In an introduction to the proposed rules, the Obama administration says that patients can benefit when doctors and the industry work together to develop life-saving drugs and devices.
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为了遏止医患利益冲突,奥巴马政府已打定主意要逼医药公司坦白他们究竟给了医生多少好处,包括用在医生们的研究、咨询、演讲、旅行和娱乐上的开销。
调查者所掌握的证据表明,这类开销会影响医生们的治疗决定,使他们鼓励病人使用更昂贵的药物和设备来增加医疗费用。
即将由政府颁布实施的这一新条例是美国新保健法的一部分,消费者权益维护机构和国会议员们认为病人们将从中受益,此类信息的公布将促使医生在做决定时,更多考虑如何为病人带来最大利益,而不是医生自己的经济利益。
每年都有很多医生通过提建议和开讲座,从医药及医疗器械公司那里得到报酬,有时候高达几十万甚至几百万美元。据纽约时报及其它机构的调查,发现有四分之一的医生接受医药公司和医疗设备制造商给的现金,接近三分之二的医生得到日常餐饮方面的馈赠,包括医生手下的员工们的午餐和他们自己的晚餐。
时代周刊调查发现,接受现金的医生所开的药方经常与那些不接受现金的医生所开的药方不同,他们更愿意开一些有风险的或是尚未得到验证的药物,诸如给儿童的强效抗精神病药物。
根据新规则,一个公司哪怕只有一种产品在政府医疗保险或医疗补助的报销范围内,这个公司就必须公布其支付给医生们的、而不是给公司自己的雇员们的报酬。联邦政府将把他们公布的这些数据发布在公众可以浏览的网站上。
处方药和器械制造商将不得不报告是否向某位帮助他们改进、评估和推销新产品的医生支付了酬劳,例如药品销售代理是否往正在开会的医生办公室送去了价值25美元的汉堡和咖啡。必须报告的内容还包括给医生在医药发明和发现方面的报酬,以及资助医院对从事研究及其它活动的医生进行培训的费用。
奥巴马政府估计将有超过1100家制药公司、医疗设备和医药品供应商需要提交报告,而产生“大量的新数据”,联邦政府官员称他们将检查和审计医药公司的财务记录,以确保他们上报的数据是准确而完整的。
医药公司每漏报任何一笔开销,将遭到最高1万美元的处罚。如果一个公司故意不上报数据,则将受到每次10万美元的处罚,直至处罚总额达到每年1百万美元。
公司的董事长、财务总监和督察主任必须保证每一份报告的准确性,因此每个公司的高层领导是当然的责任人。
这条新规则将很快生效,事实上,它已经来晚了。作为新保健法的一个部分,政府本应在2011年10月1日就设定好酬劳上报的日程。公众可以在2月17日前对新规则的草案提出意见,在广泛征求和考虑生产行业及消费群体的期望和意见后,医保部门将正式颁布这项强制性法案。
消费者权益维护机构长期以来一直要求详细了解医生与制药公司和设备制造商之间的经济关系。
皮尤慈善信托基金会负责消费者维权的药剂师阿伦.高可认为:“病人希望知道他们得到的治疗是基于自己的病情,而不是基于一顿午餐或是某种经济关系。他们想要知道自己的医生是否与制药商之间有财务关系,但他们经常又不便直接寻问。”
政府在该法规草案的简介中说,医生与医药行业共同研制用于拯救生命的药物和设备,而使病人从中获益,但这种关系也会“导致可能影响临床治疗决策的利益冲突“,“威胁到医疗系统的基本诚信。”
政府部门没有对适合的酬劳与不适合的酬劳之间的区别进行界定,只是简单地说,公布医生与制药、设备制造公司之间的经济关系,“能够使病人在选择专家和作治疗决定时能有更好的选择。”
这条新规则所属的法案获得了爱荷华州共和党参议员查尔斯.格拉斯利和威斯康星州民主党参议员赫布.科尔的支持,该法案是2010年医疗保健改革的一个部分。“新法案的目的是要让阳光照进来,利用信息公开来培养责任感。”格拉斯利说。
作为医疗设备制造商的代表,先进医疗技术协会的执行副总裁克里斯多夫.怀特认为,这些数据对联邦执法机构有用,对原告律师和举报者也很有用。“一些公司担心医生们因此不再愿意接受咨询工作了,而这种不合作态度将给医疗创新带来不利影响。”他说。
美国药剂研究和制造公司的高级副总裁马休.班尼特表示,行业对让医师的收入透明的做法是支持的,但同时非常重要的一点是,应该让公众也了解到这些酬劳产生的背景条件,他强调医生和制药公司之间相互协作,共同在医疗技术进步、医生的培训和培养正确用药的观念方面担当了重要的角色。
用于帮助老年人、残疾人和穷人的美国联邦医疗保险和医疗补助计划,每年用在药物和医疗设备上的费用超过一千亿美元。虽然国会的预算部门没有预测直接收益,但认为“随着时间的推移,公布数据的举措将会因大处方的减少而降低隐性支出。”
该法案同时还要求药品和设备制造商报告医生或医生的直接亲属所持有的该公司除公开交易的股票以外的“全部所有权收益或投资收益。”
政府部门还打算将这一规定也应用于那些由医生自己拥有的医疗器械分销公司,这些公司支付酬劳给用他们的设备做手术的医生,因为这增加了他们的销售量。
链接:http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/1 ... e&ref=general#h[]
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