阿司匹林可以降低60%患结肠癌的风险

Aspirin may cut colon cancer risk by 60%
Taking two aspirins a day reduced the risk of colorectal cancer by more than 60% in people with a family history of the disease, a large study shows.


USA TODAY

"This is one more piece of evidence that there are some very positive effects of aspirin, and it should be considered very seriously for people who are at risk of colorectal cancer," says Tim Bishop, one of the authors of the study and a professor of epidemiology at Leeds University in England.
Observational studies have shown that aspirin lowers the risk of developing colorectal cancer, but this is the first randomized controlled trial to find the effect.
Researchers from the Universities of Newcastle and Leeds in England followed almost 1,000 patients from 43 medical centers in 16 countries. The patients all had Lynch syndrome, a genetic condition that predisposes people to develop colorectal cancer and other types of cancer.
The patients were divided into two groups: One group took two aspirins every day (a total of 600 milligrams) for at least two years; the other group took a placebo.
Among the findings, released Thursday online in The Lancet: Patients who took aspirin for at least two years had a 63% reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer. Women taking aspirin also had a reduced risk of developing endometrial or womb cancer, Bishop says.
John Burn, lead author of the study and a professor at Newcastle University, says: "We have clear proof that aspirin prevents cancer in people at high genetic risk. We now have new questions to answer: Will low dose be as effective as two aspirins? Should all people at increased risk take aspirin?"
Bishop says researchers don't know for sure how aspirin works to prevent cancer, "but one speculation is that the active part of aspirin causes DNA-damaged cells to die."
"If I had a family history of bowel cancer, I would feel quite strongly about taking aspirin regularly," he says.
"There are certainly lots of benefits of taking aspirin," Bishop says. "But people have to weigh the tradeoffs. With larger doses of aspirin comes the increase danger of ulcers and vascular bleeds."
Eric Jacobs, an epidemiologist with the American Cancer Society, said in statement that "there is good evidence that long-term regular aspirin use can also modestly reduce risk of colorectal cancer in people who do not have Lynch syndrome."
"However, aspirin use is not currently recommended specifically for cancer prevention because even low-dose aspirin can increase risk of serious stomach bleeding."
Aspirin use should be discussed with a health care provider, he says.
There are many ways to help prevent colorectal cancer, Jacobs adds. "All people 50 or older should get tested for colon cancer, so that precancerous polyps can be found and removed before they ever turn into cancer. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight, being physically active, not smoking and eating less red meat can help lower risk of colorectal cancer."
Funding for the study came from several medical groups in the United Kingdom, Bayer and other companies.



所有研究中发现，在《柳叶刀》周四官网上放出的结果表明：2年内每天服用2片阿司匹林的病患，患结肠（直肠）癌的机率降低了63%。Bishop还提到，女性服用阿司匹林同样会降低其患子宫内膜或子宫癌的风险

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“took two aspirins every day (a total of 600 milligrams)for at least two years”
其中，每天两片阿司匹林，每片规格是多少呢？

大型研究示：每天服用两颗（译者注：规格不详）阿司匹林可使有结肠癌家族史的人罹患结肠癌的风险下降60%。
今日美国
“不止一个证据显示，谨慎地服用阿司匹林在一些高风险罹患结肠癌的人身上有着积极的预防作用”来自英国Leeds大学的流行病学教授Tim Bishop如是说，他是该研究的作者之一。
观察研究表明，第一个随机对照试验显示：阿司匹林可以降低结肠癌变的风险。
该研究，英国多所大学的研究者跟踪来自16个国家43个医学中心的近1，000名患者，这些患者都能检测出林奇综合征，亦即遗传性非息肉结直肠癌（HNPCC）的突变基因。
患者被分成了两组：一组每天服用两颗阿斯匹林（共600毫克），至少服用两年；另外一组服用安慰剂。
《柳叶刀》杂志上的“周四在线”发布此研究的发现：前一组的患者当中63%的人降低了结肠癌变的风险，女士服用阿司匹林也有助于降低罹患子宫内膜癌的风险。
Newcastle大学的该研究的牵头人，John Burn教授说，我们有很明确的证据证明阿司匹林可让有家族病史的高危人群免于罹患癌症。而我们现在又出现了新的问题：低于600mg剂量的阿司匹林（每天），是否也有同样的效果？随着患癌的风险提高，是不是所有的人都该吃阿司匹林呢？
Bishop说科研人员不知道阿司匹林预防癌变的机制，其中一个假说是阿司匹林的活性成分能让被破坏DNA的细胞凋亡。“如果我有肠癌的家族史，我一定会强烈希望每天规律地服用阿司匹林。” “服用阿司匹林好处多多。”Bishop说，但人们需权衡利弊，大剂量的阿司匹林会增加溃疡及血管的出血风险。”
美国癌症协会的一流行病学家Eric Jacobs说：“有证据证明规律服用阿司匹林同样的降低非林奇综合征人群罹患结肠癌的风险。然而，因为阿司匹林能增加胃出血的风险，故即便是该药小剂量的应用也不被推荐用于常规预防癌症，在应用阿司匹林前须与医疗人员仔细讨论。”
“预防肠癌的方法有很多”Jacobs 说，“50岁以上的人群须进行肠镜检查，及早切除肠息肉，预防其癌变。此外，保持正常的体重、多做运动、不吸烟、少吃红肉，均有助于降低肠癌发生的风险。
该研究的赞助来自于英国的几个医疗小组，拜耳及其他公司。

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